1. Sanitary landfill technology Sanitary landfill technology was a commonly used method for treating sludge in the early stages both domestically and internationally. Its advantages include high treatment efficiency, fast speed, large processing capacity, and low landfill cost. However, its disadvantages include high transportation and construction costs, large land occupation, and the need to fully consider landfill technology measures in areas with complex landfill environments. Before landfilling, reduce the capacity and water content of municipal sludge for pre-treatment, and transport the pretreated sludge to the landfill site for landfilling. At the same time, the construction of a sludge landfill site should fully consider its environmental, hydrogeological, soil and other issues. The construction process involves anti-seepage and sanitation measures for sewage sludge, which are also key conditions affecting the normal operation of the landfill site. With the continuous increase in sludge production and the gradual reduction of available land resources in China, sanitary landfill technology will gradually be replaced by other technologies. 2. Agricultural utilization technology One of the methods to achieve resource utilization is to utilize elements such as iron, calcium, copper, potassium, organic matter, and humus in sludge. Trace elements in sludge can promote normal crop growth and water absorption, while organic matter and humic metal ions come into direct contact with soil, contaminating plants and groundwater, and causing harm. The use of sludge as fertilizer can not only replace agricultural fertilizers but also facilitate the resource utilization of sludge, but also consider production processes and costs. Therefore, agricultural utilization technology is a technical measure that needs to be evaluated. 3. Sludge incineration technology Sludge incineration is one of the direct and effective ways to reduce sludge. High temperature promotes the combustion of organic matter in sludge to release high heat, which can be used for power generation and heating. At the same time, high temperature can kill and decompose pathogenic microorganisms and toxic chemicals. At present, sludge incineration technology is widely used in cement plants and power plants. Although sludge incineration technology has significant advantages in reduction and stabilization, the generation of fly ash and smoke particles during the treatment process can pollute the atmospheric environment if not properly treated, and must be treated to meet standards before discharge. In addition, incineration technology requires high equipment and construction techniques, resulting in high investment costs.
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